Zvipembenene zveDiving, nhengo dzemhuri yeDytiscidae, zvipembenene zvemumvura zvinofadza zvinozivikanwa nekudyisa uye hunhu hwadzo.Ava vavhimi vakazvarwa vane zvimiro zvakasarudzika zvinoita kuti vashande zvakanyanya mukubata nekudya mhuka yavo kunyangwe yakakura kupfuura ivo.
Ndokusaka kuvepo kwavo muaquarium, kunyanya idzo dzinogara hove diki uye shrimp, zvinogona uye zvichizotungamira kumatambudziko makuru.
Muchinyorwa chino, ini ndichaongorora maitiro emuviri, zvido zvekudya, kutenderera kwehupenyu, uye zvinodiwa zvekugara zveDiving nyuchi nemapere avo.Ini ndicharatidzawo njodzi dzinogona kuitika uye kufunga zvine chekuita nekuchengeta zvipembenene zvekunyura mumvura, kunyanya munzvimbo dzavanogona kukanganisa kugara kwehove diki uye shrimp.
Etymology yeDytiscidae
Zita remhuri rokuti “Dytiscidae” rinobva pashoko rechiGiriki rokuti “dytikos,” rinoreva “kugona kushambira” kana kuti “nezvekunyura.”Iri zita rinonyatsoratidza hunhu hwemumvura uye kugona kushambira kwezvipembenene zvemhuri iyi.
Zita rekuti "Dytiscidae" rakagadzirwa nemuongorori wezvipembenene wechiFrench Pierre André Latreille muna 1802 paakatanga kupatsanurwa kwemhuri.Latreille anozivikanwa nekupa kwake kwakakosha kumunda we entomology uye nekugadzwa kwechizvinozvino chetaxonomy.
Kana riri zita ravo rakajairika "Diving beetles", zita iri vakariwana nekuda kwekugona kwavo kushambira nekutuhwina mumvura.
Evolutionary History of Diving Beetles
Diving nyuchi dzakatanga panguva yeMesozoic Era (anenge mamiriyoni 252.2 emakore apfuura).
Nekufamba kwenguva, vakave nekusiyana-siyana, zvichikonzera kuvandudzwa kwemarudzi akawanda ane maitiro akasiyana emuviri, saizi, uye ecology zvido.
Iyi yekushanduka-shanduka yakabvumira Diving beetles kugara munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemvura yakachena pasi rose uye kuva zvikara zvinobudirira zvemumvura.
Taxonomy yeDiving Beetles
Huwandu chaihwo hwezvipenyu hunoenderana nekutsvagiswa kuri kuramba kuchiitwa nekuti mhando itsva dziri kuramba dzichiwanikwa uye dzichitaurwa.
Parizvino, pakanga paine anenge 4,200 marudzi eDiving nyuchi pasi rese.
Kugoverwa uye Habitat yeDiving Beetles
Diving beetles ane kuparadzirwa kwakapararira.Chaizvoizvo, zvipembenene izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa mumakondinendi ese kunze kweAntarctica.
Zvipembenene zvemumvura zvinowanzogara mumvura isingayereri (semadziva, machakwi, madziva, kana nzizi dzinofamba zvishoma nezvishoma), zvichifarira dzakadzika dzine miti yakawanda uye mhuka dzakapfuma dzinogona kuvapa chikafu chakakwana.
Tsanangudzo yeDiving Beetles
Chimiro chemuviri weDiving beetles chinonyatso kuenderana nemararamiro avo emumvura uye maitiro ehudzvinyiriri.
Chimiro cheMuviri: Zvipembenene zvine muviri wakareba, wakatsetseka, uye une hydrodynamic, izvo zvinovabvumira kufamba zvakanaka kuburikidza nemvura.
Kukura: Hukuru hwezvipembenene zvekunyura hunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nerudzi.Mamwe marudzi makuru anogona kureba kusvika 1.5 inches (4 cm).
Coloration: Diving nyuchi kazhinji dzine dema kana rima kune rima rakasvibira kana bhuronzi miviri.Iyo coloration inovabatsira kusanganisa munzvimbo yavo yemvura.
Musoro: Musoro webete wakakura uye wakakura zvakanaka.Maziso anowanzo kuve akatanhamara uye anopa chiratidzo chakanakisa zvese kumusoro uye pasi pemvura.Ivo zvakare vane marefu, matete antennae, anowanzo kupatsanurwa, ayo avanoshandisa senge chinangwa chekunzwa (ona kuzunguzika mumvura).
Mapapiro: Zvipembenene zvine mapapiro maviri maviri.Zvipembenene pazvinenge zvichituhwina, mapapiro acho anochengetwa akapeta miviri yawo.Vanokwanisa kubhururuka uye kushandisa mapapiro azvo kuparadzira uye kuwana nzvimbo itsva dzekugara.
Mapapiro acho akachinjwa kuva mavhavha akaomarara anodzivirira anonzi elytra, ayo anobatsira kudzivirira mapapiro ari kumashure uye muviri kana chipembenene chinenge chisiri kubhururuka.Maelytra anowanzoita mitsetse kana kuti mitsetse, zvichiita kuti chipembere chitaridzike zvakanaka.
Makumbo: Zvipembenene zvine makumbo matanhatu.Makumbo epamberi nepakati anoshandiswa kubata mhuka uye kufambisa munzvimbo yavo.Makumbo ekumashure anoshandurwa kuita zvivakwa zvakati sandarara, zvakaita sezvivakwa zvinozivikanwa semakumbo-akafanana nemakumbo kana makumbo ekushambira.Makumbo aya ane mvere kana matinji anobatsira kufambisa bete mumvura zviri nyore.
Nemakumbo akanyatsoita semapadhi, bete rinotuhwina nekumhanya zvekuti rinogona kukwikwidza nehove.
Dumbu: Dumbu rebete rakarebeswa uye rinowanzorembera rakananga kumashure.Iyo ine zvikamu zvakati wandei uye dzimba dzakakosha nhengo dzakadai sedzekudya, kubereka, uye kufema masisitimu.
Zvimiro Zvekufema.Diving beetles ane peya spiracles, ari maburi madiki ari pasi pedumbu.Maspiracles anoabvumira kutora oxygen kubva mumhepo, iyo yavanochengeta pasi pe elytra yavo uye inoshandisa kufema kana yanyura.
Nhoroondo Yenyuchi Diving Beetles- Zvikara muShrimp uye Hove Matangi - Zvimiro Zvokufema Vasati vanyura pasi pemvura, zvipembenene zvinonyura zvinotora mhepo iri pasi pe elytra yavo.Iri bhobho remhepo rinoshanda se hydrostatic apparatus uye yenguva pfupi yeokisijeni inopa, ichivabvumira kuti varambe vakanyura pasi pemvura kwemaminetsi gumi - gumi nemashanu.
Mushure mezvo, vanotambanudza makumbo avo ekumashure kuti vadambure nepakati pemvura yakadzikama, vachisunungura mhepo yakavharirwa uye kuwana bubble idzva rekunyura kunotevera.
Hupenyu Hwema Diving Beetles
Hupenyu hweDhivha nyuchi dzine zvikamu zvina zvakasiyana: zai, gonye, pupa, uye munhu mukuru.
1. Danho reZai: Pashure pokusangana, zvipembenene zvechikadzi zvinonyura zvinokandira mazai azvo pazvinomera zvomumvura kana kuti pedyo, nemarara akanyura, kana kuti muvhu pedyo nemucheto wemvura.
Zvichienderana nemhando uye mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, iyo incubation nguva inowanzotora kubva ku7 - 30 mazuva.
2. Larval Stage: Kana mazai achochonya, gonye rinonyura rinobuda.Makonye ari mumvura uye anokura mumvura.
Mbiri yeDiving Beetles- Zvikara muShrimp neHove Matangi - Diving Beetles LarvaeDiving beetle magonye anowanzo kunzi "Mvura tiger" nekuda kwekutaridzika kwavo kunotyisa uye hunhu hwemhuka.
Vane miviri yakarebesa yakakamukana.Musoro wakati sandara une maziso madiki matanhatu kudivi rimwe nerimwe uye shaya dzakakura zvisingadaviriki kudivi rimwe nerimwe.Kufanana nebete rakura, gonye rinofema mweya wemuchadenga nekutambanudza magumo emuviri waro kunze kwemvura.
Hunhu hwegonye rinonyatsoenderana nechitarisiko chayo: chishuwo chayo chega muhupenyu ndechekubata uye kudya nyama yakawanda sezvinobvira.
Makonye anoshingairira kuvhima nekudyisa zvipukanana zvemumvura, achikura nekunyunguduka kakawanda paanenge achipfuura nematanho akasiyana-siyana.The larval nhanho inogona kugara kwemavhiki akati wandei kusvika kumwedzi yakati wandei, zvichienderana nemhando uye mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza.
3. Chinhanho chePupa: Kana gonye rasvika pakukura, rinobuda panyika, rozviviga, uye rinoita pupa.
Munguva iyi, mapere anoshanduka kuita chimiro chavo chevakuru mukati mekesi yekudzivirira inonzi pupal chamber.
Iyo pupal nhanho inowanzotora mazuva mashoma kusvika kwemavhiki mashoma.
4. Danho reVakuru: Kana kuchinja kwapera, bete rakura rinonyura rinobuda mu pupal chamber uye rinokwira pamusoro pemvura.
Panguva ino, vane mapapiro akazara uye vanokwanisa kubhururuka.Zvipembenene zvinonyura zvakura zvakakura pabonde uye zvakagadzirira kubereka.
Diving beetles hazvionekwi sezvipembenene zvevanhu.Havaratidzi maitiro akaomarara evanhu anoonekwa mune mamwe mapoka ezvipembenene, semasvosve kana nyuchi.Pane kudaro, zvipembenene zvekunyura zvinonyanya zvisikwa zvega, zvichitarisa pakurarama kwavo uye kubereka.
Hupenyu hwezvipembenene zvekunyura hunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nerudzi uye nemamiriro ekunze uye kazhinji hunobva pa1 - 4 makore.
Kuberekwa kweDiving Beetles
Nhoroondo yeDiving Beetles- Zvikara muShrimp uye Hove Tangi KusviranaMaitiro ekubatana uye nzira dzekubereka dzinogona kusiyana zvishoma pakati pemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvipembenene, asi maitiro ose anosanganisira matanho anotevera:
1. Kupfimbana: Muzvipembenene zveDiving, tsika dzekupfimbana kazhinji hadzipo.
2. Kukoira: Muzvipembenene zvakawanda, varume vane zvinyamupinyi zvekubatirira (makapu ekusveta) pamakumbo avo emberi anoshandiswa kunamira kumashure kwehadzi panguva yekusangana.
Chokwadi chinofadza: Dzimwe nguva varume vanogona kunge vachishuvira kusangana nevakadzi, zvekuti vakadzi vanogona kutonyura nekuti varume vanoramba vari pamusoro uye vanokwanisa kuwana oxygen nepo vakadzi vasingadaro.
3. Fertilization.Murume anoendesa urume kumukadzi kuburikidza nenhengo yekubereka inonzi aedeagus.Mukadzi anochengeta urume kuti huzosangana.
4. Mazariro: Mushure mekusangana, bete remukadzi rinonyura rinowanzoabatanidza nezvinomera zviri pasi pemvura kana kuti kuisa mazai azvo mumatishu emiti yepasi pemvura nekuavhura nezai rawo.Iwe unogona kuona madiki madiki madiki pamatishu echirimwa.
Paavhareji, zvipembenene zvechikadzi zvinogona kukandira chero kubva pamakumi mashoma kusvika kumazana mashoma mazai panguva yekuberekesa.Mazai acho akareba uye akakura muhukuru (kusvika 0.2 inches kana 7 mm).
Ko Diving Beetles Inodyei?
Mbiri yeDiving Beetles- Monsters in Shrimp and Hove Tank - kudya matatya, hove nenewtsDiving zvipembenene zvikara zvinodya zvinodya zvinodya zvakasiyana siyana zvipenyu zvemumvura zvakaita se:
zvipembenene zviduku,
zvipembenene zvipembenene (zvakadai semukonikoni nymphs, kana kunyange diving beetle larvae),
honye,
hozhwa,
tadpoles,
madiki crustaceans,
hove duku,
uye kunyange madiki amphibians (newts, matatya, nezvimwewo).
Ivo vanozivikanwa kuratidza humwe hunhu hwekutsvaira, kudya pane iri kuora organic zvinhu kana zvakaora.Munguva dzekushomeka kwechikafu, vanozoratidzawo hunhu hwekudya vanhu.Zvipembenene zvihombe zvichabata vanhu vadiki.
Ongorora: Ehe, izvo chaizvo zvekudya zvinosarudzwa zveDiving nyuchi zvinosiyana zvichienderana nemhando uye saizi yavo.Muzvipenyu zvose, vanogona kudya huwandu hwakawanda hwemhuka hunoenderana nehukuru hwemuviri wavo.
Zvipembenene izvi zvinozivikanwa nokuda kwekuda kudya uye kukwanisa kubata mhuka pamusoro pemvura uye pasi pemvura.Vavhimi vane mukana, vachishandisa kuona kwavo kwakanaka uye kugona kwakanakisa kushambira kuronda uye kubata mhuka dzavo.
Diving bete vavhimi vanoshingaira.Vanowanzo ratidza hunhu hwehudzvinyiriri nekushingairira kutsvaga nekutsvaga mhuka yavo pane kumirira kuti iuye kwavari.
Zvipembenene izvi zvine hunyanzvi uye zvikara zvinokara munzvimbo dzinogara mumvura.
Kugona kwavo kushambira nekukasira uye kushandura nzira nekukurumidza kunovabvumira kumhanyisa pasi uye kubata mhuka yavo nemazvo.
Magonye eDiving Beetles Anodyei?
Diving betlelvae zvikara zvinodya nyama.Ivo vanozivikanwa nehunhu hwavo hwehukasha hwekudyisa zvakare.
Kunyange zvazvo vaine kudya kwakakura uye vachigona kudya mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana, vanosarudza makonye, zvikweva, tadpoles, nedzimwe mhuka dzisina simba rekunze.
Izvi zvinodaro nekuda kwechimiro chavo cheanatomical.Diving beetle nyuchi dzinowanzovhara muromo kuvhura uye dzinoshandisa nzira muhombe yavo (sekisi-yakafanana) mandibles kupinza ma enzymes ekugaya mukati memhuka.Maenzyme anokurumidza kuoma mitezo uye anouraya munhu wacho.
Naizvozvo, panguva yekudya, gonye haridye mhuka yaro asi kuti rinosveta muto.Shaya dzayo dzakaita sejeko dzinoita semudziyo wokuyamwa, une goko rakadzika rakatevedza mupendero womukati, uyo unopinza zvokudya zvinoyerera muura.
Kusiyana nemubereki wavo, Diving beetle majuru vavhimi vanongoita uye vanovimba nekubira.Vane maonero akanaka uye vanonzwa nekufamba mumvura.
Kana gonye reDiving betle raona mhuka, rinomhanya rakananga kwairi kuti ribate nemandibles aro makuru.
Zvakachengetedzeka Here Kuva Nenyuchi Diving kana Magonye Avo muShrimp kana Hove Matangi?
Shrimp tank.Kwete, hazvina njodzi kuva neDiving beetles kana mapere avo mumatangi eshrimp.Period.
Ichave YAKANAKA ine ngozi uye inoshungurudza kune shrimp.Diving zvipembenene zvikara zvechisikigo uye zvichaona shrimplets uye kunyange shrimp vanhu vakuru sezvingangodyiwa.
Aya mhuka dzemvura dzine shaya dzakasimba uye dzinogona kubvarura shrimp mukati memasekondi nyore.Naizvozvo, hazvina KUKURUDZIRWA kuti uchengete Diving nyuchi nema shrimp pamwechete mutangi rimwe chete.
Hove tank.Diving bete nemakonye avo anogona kutorwisa hove hombe.Muzvisikwa, zvose zvipembenene zvakura uye zvipembenene zvinotora basa rinokosha mukupedza huwandu hwehove kuburikidza nekubata hove dzakasiyana-siyana.
Saka, kuva navo mutangi rehove kunogonawo kukanganisa.Kunze kwekunge uine hove hombe uye usadzibereke.
Manyumburu Anopinda Sei muAquariums?
Diving zvipembenene zvinogona kupinda mu aquarium nenzira mbiri huru:
Hapana chivharo: Zvipembenene zvinonyura zvinogona kubhururuka chaizvo.Saka, kana mahwindo ako asina kuvharwa uye aquarium yako isina kuvharwa, inogona kungobhururuka ichipinda mutangi kubva kunharaunda yakapoteredza.
Zvirimwa zvemumvura: Kunyura mazai ezvipembenene anogona kukwira mu aquarium yako pazvinomera zvemumvura.Paunenge uchiwedzera zvidyarwa zvitsva kana kushongedza kutangi yako, nyatso ongorora uye uzviise wega kune chero zviratidzo zvehutachiona.
Nzira yekuvabvisa sei muAquarium?
Zvinosuruvarisa, hakuna nzira dzakawanda dzinoshanda.Diving beetles nemapere adzo mhuka dzakasimba uye dzinogona kushivirira chero kurapwa.
Manual Removal: Nyatsocherechedza iyo aquarium uye nemaoko bvisa zvipembenene zvekunyura uchishandisa mambure ehove.
Misungo: Kunyura zvipembenene senyama.Isa dhishi risina kudzika rine chitubu chechiedza pedyo nepamusoro pemvura usiku hwose.Zvipembenene zvinokweverwa kuchiedza uye zvinogona kuungana mundiro, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuzvibvisa.
Predatory fish: Kuunza hove dzinodya dzinodya tupukanana.Nekudaro, idzi mhuka dzemumvura dzakanyatsochengetedzwa pano zvakare.
Kana paine njodzi, zvipembenene zveDiving zvinoburitsa mvura chena (yakafanana nemukaka) kubva pasi peplate yechipfuva.Mvura iyi ine ngura zvakanyanya.Somugumisiro, marudzi akawanda ehove haazviwani achinaka uye anodzivisa.
Zvipembenene Zvokunyura Here Kana Kuti Mambure Avo Ane Chepfu?
Aiwa, hazvina chepfu.
Diving nyuchi hadzina hutsinye kuvanhu uye kazhinji dzinodzivisa kubata kunze kwekunge dzichinzwa kutyisidzirwa.Saka, kana ukaedza kuvabata, vanogona kupindura vachizvidzivirira nekuruma sechiito chekufungidzira.
Nekuda kwemandibles avo ane simba, ayo akakodzera kubaya maexoskeletons emhuka yavo, kuruma kwavo kunorwadza.Inogona kukonzera kuzvimba kwenzvimbo kana kukwenya.
Mukupedzisa
Diving beetles zvikuru zvipembenene zvemumvura, zvinopedza nguva yakawanda yehupenyu hwavo mumvura.Ivo vakanyatsoenderana nemararamiro emumvura uye vashahwi vakanaka.
Diving beetles nemakonye adzo zvikara zvinokatyamadza.Kuvhima ndicho chiitiko chikuru muhupenyu hwavo.
Masikirwo avo ehudzvinyiriri, pamwe chete nehunyanzvi hwavo hwemaumbirwo, zvinoita kuti vakwanise kutevera nekubata mhuka dzakasiyana siyana dzinosanganisira shrimp, fry, hove diki, uye kunyange hozhwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-06-2023